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Total Depravity

Total depravity refers to the Christian doctrine that asserts the impact of sin on all aspects of a human being's nature and actions after the Fall. The doctrine posits that every facet of human nature has been corrupted, including the mind, will, and emotions. This corruption affects the ability to fully love God, understand Him correctly, or access Him directly. Despite its name, total depravity does not suggest that individuals are as evil as they could be, but rather that sin has tainted every part of their being. This highlights the absolute necessity for God's grace, as it emphasizes that salvation cannot be achieved through personal efforts but only through God's mercy and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit.

Unconditional Election

Unconditional election is a Christian doctrine that asserts God's choice of certain individuals for salvation before the creation of the world, independent of any foreseen virtue, merit, or faith in those people. It states that God's election is solely based on His sovereign will and grace, not contingent upon human actions or decisions. This concept emphasizes the role of God's mercy and divine prerogative in the salvation process, thereby highlighting the belief that salvation is an unearned gift, not a human achievement. 

Limited Atonement

Limited atonement is a Christian doctrine, specifically within Reformed theology, that asserts Jesus Christ's atoning sacrifice on the cross was specifically intended for the elect, those whom God has chosen for salvation. This does not mean the power or value of Christ's sacrifice is limited but rather its purpose and scope were particular. The doctrine maintains that Jesus' death effectively secures salvation and forgiveness for those predetermined individuals, not merely making it possible for all. 

Irresistible Grace

Irresistible grace is a Christian doctrine that posits the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom He has determined to save (the elect) and, in turn, overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel. It implies that when God extends a call to salvation to these individuals, their response will inevitably be positive due to the transformative power of the Holy Spirit, leading them towards faith and repentance. This grace isn't forced, but rather so changes the heart that the recipient desires God and willingly comes to Him. 

Perseverance of the Saints

Perseverance of the saints is a Christian doctrine stating that those whom God has called into communion with Himself will continue in faith until the end. This belief asserts that real believers will persevere in their faith, not due to their own strength, but because of God's faithfulness and His eternal decree. If they fall into sin or disbelief, God will provide means for their restoration. This concept is a guarantee of the eternal security of the believer, underlining the idea that salvation, once received, cannot be lost.